Fast Food Industry in Turkey Essay - 1779 Words

Fast Food Industry in Turkey Turkey has a fast growing $5.6 billion HRI food service sector, due to increased incomes,urbanization, more women working outside the home, and huge growth in tourism. Major changes in the life styles, incomes, and consumption patterns of Turks in the last decade means they are increasingly prone to eat meals and socialize over food outside of the home. The growing number of fast food chains and restaurants in newly astablished shopping centers and hypermarket complexes are evidence of this newly emerging demand. A new and faster pace of life has also led people to find quicker meal solutions for their shortened lunch hours. This has developed two niche sectors; fast food and institutional food†¦show more content†¦The sector is expected to reach $15 to $20 billion revenues per year within five years. Continued growth in tourism sector should lead to increasing numbers of foreign cuisine restaurants, both inside and outside hotels. TABLE 2 FOOD SERVICE REVENUES BY SUBSECTOR,1998 TABLE3 MARKET SIZE OF HRI FOOD SERVICE SECTOR IN TURKEY, 1994-1998 Here we show the summary of the advantages and challenges facing US food products in Turkey: Advantages: The number of US fast food outlets is increasing rapidly . Some Us products are more competitively priced than local products. Branded foreign products do well in the Turkish market due to changing consumption patterns and Western influence . Turkish society is repetative to new productsreadily adopt Western tastes. The number of foreign cuisine restaurants and international hotel chains are increasing. Challenges: Customs Union with the EU created a privileged position forEU country imports to Turkey. Transportation costs are less for products from neigbouring countries. Some high import tariff rates exist. There is a well-developed local food-processing sector providing most needed items. European and Far East cuisine are still dominant in restaurants and hotels. MARKET STRUCTURE AND SUBSECTOR PROFILES A.Distribution Channels and New-to-Market Exporter information: The distribution system in Turkey is beginning to shift from theShow MoreRelatedThe American ( Food ) Revolution1270 Words   |  6 PagesJaehun Lee 10/8/15 Summer Reading Essay The American (Food) Revolution Medical Experts are divided on whether or not the government should increase regulation on fast and processed foods. Remember those days when Thanksgiving dinners were a family affair? When the whole family went to the supermarket and bought turkey, ham, potatoes, and all of the raw ingredients needed to make every dish? When the whole family worked together to make a Thanksgiving meal to be shared by everyone? Today, this isRead MoreGeography of the Big Mac1384 Words   |  6 Pagesplaces throughout the United States and Canada that classify as this climate. The pickles are needed to be raised in a warm atmosphere. 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Gender Roles Since High School Essay - 1334 Words

Gender roles resurfaced as a pivotal factor in my life during my late adolescence. In our culture different sports are considered to be male and female dominated respectively. Unfortunately little is done to challenge or resist these societal norms and I experienced this first hand during my senior year of high school. Volleyball, which is considered to be a sport primarily for girls and women, was not offered to boys at my high school. Subsequently, I was forced to petition for approval towards the creation of a male volleyball which ultimately went unsuccessful due to time constraints and unwillingness to help from staff and administration. 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Notes for Institutional Theory Free Essays

The aim of this essay is to explore the response of organisations when confronting with institutional pressures. The essay is organised as follow. Firstly, some concepts as well as explanation related to institutional theory will be introduced. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes for Institutional Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then, this essay will define and explain the conception of legitimacy and the connection between legitimacy and institutional process. Thirdly, the strategic responses of organisations to deal with the pressures from institutional process and an example of response in terms of institutional control will be examined. Institutional theory is a concept that emphasizes the existence of some norms, values and beliefs of the society which organisations conform with. And the process of conformity called institutionalisation is reflected in the structures and practices of organisations (Powell DiMaggio, 1991). According to Oliver (1991), institutional theory emphasizes more specifically on the pressures and constraints from the institutional environment which is one of its two issues addressed (the other one is technical pressures). Institutions here include the state, professions, interest group as well as public opinion (Scott, 1987b). These institutions have interconnected and interdependent relationships with organisations, as the behaviours of organisation are restricted by outside pressures exerted by institutions. In order to survive, organisations have to force themselves to adapt to the environment. So, they have no other choice but to make their behaviours consistent with external norms and rules. After discussing the environment perspective of institutional theory, the next section will regard motives of conformity as the point of departure. Institutional theory demonstrates that stability and legitimacy is what organisations to attain (Powell DiMaggio, 1983; Oliver, 1991). In terms of obtaining stability, institutional theory can explain why organisations conform to external rules, norms and beliefs, not because of the direct link to a positive outcome but organisations would be unthinkable to do otherwise. In other words, this consistency may not be driven by the objective of interest maximisation, but by preconscious acceptance of institutionalisation. Uniform rules, norms and beliefs produce less contradiction Oliver (1991). Due to attempt to obtain stability, organisations would like to draw experience from pre-existing audiences within the current external environment and imitate those organisational structures, decision-making mode and so on to response to the external pressures. Before regarding obtaining legitimacy as the other motive of conformity, it is necessary to define the concept of legitimacy. There are many different definitions of legitimacy with varying degrees of specificity (Suchman, 1995). Legitimacy refers to an array of established cultural accounts made by organisations to provide explanations for its existence (Powell DiMaggio, 1991). Another specific definition is that legitimacy is a generalized perception that the actions of an entity are desirable, proper, or appropriate within some socially constructed system of norms, values, and beliefs. In addition, there are three types of legitimacy, which are pragmatic legitimacy, moral legitimacy and cognitive legitimacy (Suchman, 1995). After explaining some conception of legitimacy, the next section will focus on the connection between legitimacy and institutional process. As every parts of organisation is constructed and interpenetrated by external institutions as well as culture can determine how the organization is built, how it is run, and, simultaneously, how it is understood and evaluated, legitimacy empowers organizations by making them seem natural and meaningful. So legitimacy is critical to organisation survival. Then it can also imply the easiest approach to gain legitimacy, which suggests organisations to adapt to the existed institutional context and adjust their structures to fit with the existed norms, rules and beliefs. This point is just consistent with the emphasis of the institutional theory. So gaining legitimacy is a more significant reason why organisations accept institutional process. When confronting with institutional pressures, acquiescence will be the most probable response taken by organisations. However, if anticipated legitimacy is low, organisations may have different responses to institutionalisation, like compromising on the requirements for conformity, avoiding the conditions that make conformity necessary, denying the requirements that are advised to conform, or even manipulate the criteria of conformity. As can be seen, there are five kinds of strategic responses that organisations may conduct to institutional process, which are acquiescence, compromise, avoid, defy and manipulate(Oliver, 1991). Organisations may have different responses to variable cause, control, context, constituents and content and to even different degree of the same issue. For example, in the terms of institutional control, legal coercion or government mandates and voluntary diffusion are two processes pressures exerted to organisations (Powell DiMaggio, 1983; Oliver, 1991). How to cite Notes for Institutional Theory, Essay examples

International Business Strategy Long Range Planning

Question: Discuss the Case Study for International Business Strategy of Long Range Planning. Answer: Introduction The meaning of international business strategy is that internationally scatters the act of subsidiaries liberally and operates as if the subsidiaries were the local companies, with less coordination from the sources company. Cinquini Tenucci (2010) stated that international business strategy leads to worldwide varieties of business strategies and higher level of adjustment to the primary business atmosphere. An international business strategy evolves a significant designed single strategy for the whole channel of subsidiaries and partners, surrounding most of the countries simultaneously and fluctuating synergies across the several countries. De Wit Meyer (2010) opined that companies go global for a number of reasons but the major objective is the growth and expansion of the companies. When an organisation hires international workers or seeking for new markets in abroad, an international strategy could help to diversify and expand the business. In the current study, the researcher attempts to analyse the modern theories of economy in the current history of international economy. Here, the chosen company is related to Japanese sports cars. Although the business initially launched in Japan, but the company attempts to expand its business in the market of Australia. Therefore, the car culture in Japan has yielded experts in the tuning industry. Herein, the researcher is going to give an overview of the market entry strategy in order to expand the sports car business. Therefore, the ethical and social consideration of issues would be elaborately described in this study by the researcher. On the other hand, the researcher would analyze the financial risks of common international business strategies. Finally, the recommendation would be detailed in this study to overcome the barriers regarding the issues. Evaluation of key modern economic theories in recent global economic history Today people recognize the factors that resist the monitoring, specification or enforcement of the economic transaction attribute boundaries on economic probabilities which are just as perfect as the technological limits. According to Sarala Vaara (2010), moderns economic theories tend to isolate itself from the theory of classical economic by looking at more than just a source of production and the invisible hand theory. Moderns economic look at the products similarly to the nature of the demand, the supply of money, and its effects on the or monetarism and growth and free trade. On the other hand, the modern economic theory is advent of the macroeconomic research that looking at the huge boundary of the single economy. This does not define that a person identified classical economists do not favor the products; it simply refers that economic alteration through history with the modern economist term which was coming after the period of the theory of classical economy. Classical economics started by the looking at the resources used in the production of goods and services. Economic growth defines to the increasing rate of the products and the services introduced by an economy over a long period of time. This is counted as increasing percentages in the accurate gross of the domestic product which may be called as GDP measured for inflation. Some economist emphasizes on improving return as the resource of economic condition of growth. They importantly emphasized on the international trade to increase the market and developed productivity on the countries of trade. Trade helps a country to buy and sell the products from foreign comparatively lower pay to which the countries could be made in the home country. According to Oltra Luisa Flor (2010), in the theory of modern economic growth, some of the efficient economists emphasized the nature of improving return via the direct foreign investments that stimulate learning by doing the activities via knowledge capital.in the Australian market, the newly industrialized regions have gained very high growth in their economic rates in the past two decades. The modern economic theories to market comprises of several features. Verbeke (2013) opined that the modern economy releasing today is scattered all over the world. this is the advent of revolution in knowledge of capital and information of explosion. The most significant key matters are the innovation theory which is comprised of inter-industry inter-firm. On the other hand, international expansion of trade with the help of modern networks According to Kojima (2010), therefore, the modern economic theory emphasis mainly on two networks of inducing growth via expanses on study and improvement on the main instrument of knowledge innovation. The first network is the influence on the available products and services. However, the other one is the influence of stock of the knowledge. Therefore, the Japanese sports car company must know the modern economic theory in the case of the expansion of the Australian market. According to the modern economic theory in the Australian market there is highly economical growth (Rossi, 2010). Therefore, the company must know the market entry strategy in order to flourish its business in the Australian market. Not only even Australian market, the Japanese sports car company also strives to enter globally by introducing their innovative products. Market entry strategy for international business Market entry strategy refers to the systematic and planned process for delivering the products and the services in a new target market and distributing the products over there. It involves establishing and managing contracts in a foreign country. According to Dagnino Padula (2009), when an organization tries to become the face of international business it has to take into consideration the various factors like the cost, risk, the degree of control which can be exercised over the business. There are various forms of the entry strategy for international business. The entry strategies vary from one organization to another. For the simplest form of entry strategy exporting can be done via direct or indirect method. The more intricate forms use global operations which can include the joint ventures as well as export the processing regions. Organizations like the Japanese sports car which is planning to go global will have to consider the following basic steps like: Marketing: the countries the company is aiming at, the segments will be highlighted and how to manage and execute the marketing effort. In this case, the chosen countries for the marketing of the Japanese sports car will be Australian and US ( Harmon, 2010). Next, the company should keep in mind about its sourcing, that is, whether to obtain the goods or manufacture the goods by itself. In this case, the Japanese car company will customize the sports car on their own. Simultaneously the company should also focus on the investment and control, that is, whether it should be a joint venture, global partner or acquisition (Ghauri Cateora, 2010). The company has exported cars in Australia and the US and has earned huge reputation. The customized parts are manufactured in Japan and are supplied from the same country and they are of high quality. The car culture in Japan has produced experts in the tuning industry. The company has decided to trade in the US Dollar only (Lu et al.2010). The Japanese car company should focus on the latest trends in the international business. They must analyze the expanding and emerging markets of the developed nations in terms of its language, financial stability, and economic procedures as well as the local cultural factors which serve as the key factors behind the market expansion. The company should also keep in mind that with expansion in the market the demography will also change. Innovation is the new word for business expansion (Rugman, Verbeke Nguyen, 2011) In this era of competition if the company fails to be innovative in customizing and tuning the cars then they will fail in capturing the market. With the huge technological advancements, the company should focus more on the communication. The stronger the communication network the stronger will be the customer base. Since the companies based in Australia and the US have low labor costs the challenge faced by the Japanese car company will be to keep ahead of the others wi th more effective and faster innovation in the field of car customization. Emphasis should also be given on higher degree of automation usage. In the current scenario, the western economy has become stagnant and the emerging market growth has slowed and hence economic growth in the coming years will be slower. Keeping this in mind the company should plan the profitability of the international business plan in the face of this slow demand (Kojima, 2010). Analyze the strategic issues Once an international business has been realized a performance gap, the initial challenge in order to closing the gap is to rectify the reasons behind the performance gap. there are so many causes within the marketing atmosphere including low sales strategy, extreme competition and struggling with the national economy. The reasons can be obvious or the organisation might require carrying out the study to find out the problems (Matthyssens Vandenbempt, 2010). When an accurate reason has been found out the organization can take a measurable action plan to deal with the cause. There are number strategies which are available in the organization; the appropriate remedy will depend on the reasons of the performance gap and the organizations resources. In this study, the Japanese sports car company mainly deals with the car modifies globally and it tries to expand its business globally. In order to expand its business, the company might face some issues regarding the market entry strategie s (Ghauri Cateora, 2010). In this present study, the Company has some ethical issues. The management system is not always able to find out the problems. In the workplace, the employees are not always able to share their ideas in order to be more productive. The managers sometimes do not provide the scope for the employees to share their ideas so that the organization sometimes faces internal clashes between the employees and managers. Sometimes, they are demotivated when they do not get the opportunities to share their problems. However, it is important to an organization to involve their employees in the decision-making process for the sake of the company. Therefore, the Japanese sports car companies not always give the opportunities to its employees to share their ideas. On the other hand, the company sometimes does not produce the products according to the need of the customers and then it is unable to meet their needs ( Hill Jain, 2000). Ethical and social consideration of ethical issues The meaning of the ethical consideration is considering the objectives of the doctrines of goodness, the right and wrong of the actions, prior or actions. Measuring the right or the wrong approaches standards especially based on the profession standard. On the other hand, social considerations holds the factors which is concerned with the interests of the individual, communities, society and groups as a whole, which are mainly evolves interventions into the economic mechanisms (Levy Newell, 2009). Social issues are about trends, situations, conflicts in society. With the incorporation of ethical consideration which means utilising the society's standards which is constituting the right or wrong behavior based on the business plans and policies. Therefore, the Japanese sports cars modifiers company faces some ethical and social issues. When the company is going to introduce the new products then it faces the competitive edges. Each and every company must keep in its mind about the ma rket price in the competitive advantages when introducing its products (Gebauer et al. 2010). The owner's behavior towards the customers, employees, vendors and the community highly impact the behavior of the workers who look for to set the standard. Herein, the owner's behavior of the organization towards the employee is one of the considering factors that is highly impacted by the market prices. According to Lu et al. (2010), it may be called ethical issues. Therefore, the company could maintain these factors in order to expand its business. Thus, the company would able to reduce its employee turnover and absenteeism. The key ethical consideration in the strategy includes the stakeholder participations, organizational values, individual values and managing change. When undertaking the international developing strategies this often outcomes in the methods in which the organization is being provided the ultimate of improving a plan and submitting it to the organization (De Wit Meye r, 2010). Analyze the financial risks of common international business strategies As stated by De Wit Meyer, (2010) the international business strategies involves a systematic and planned process for delivering the products and the services in a new target market and distributing the products over there. In order to expand its business in the global platform, the Japanese car company should also analyze the risk factors involved in the common international business strategies. The common financial risks involved in the global business strategies include the foreign exchange risk and the liquidity risk (Gambardella McGahan, 2010). In the case of the foreign exchange, there is a risk of the financial transaction which is denominated in a currency other than the base currency of the particular country. The foreign exchange risks also occur when the foreign subsidiaries of the company have got the financial statements in a currency other than the reporting currency of the entire entity. The risk in foreign exchange is that there might be a sudden movement in the exc hange rate in the denomination currency which is related to the base currency before the date when the transaction is to be completed. The Japanese Car Company should keep in mind about this risk which can imply severe financial consequences (Casadesus-Masanell Ricart, 2010). The liquidity risk is also a financial risk which involves a certain time period which includes a given financial asset, security or commodity that can never be traded quickly enough in the market without having any impact on the market price. This can be further classified as market and funding liquidities (Teece, 2010). In the case of the market liquidities, an asset cannot be sold due to lack of liquidity in the market. It is a sub set of market risk. It happens due to the wide spread of offer and making explicit liquidity reserves and even extending the holding period of VaR calculations. In the case of the funding liquidity, there is a risk in the liabilities. It occurs when the fall is due and cannot be met at an uneconomical price ( Kolk Van Tulder, 2010). Hence the liquidity risk occurs due to uncertain liquidity. When the credit ratings of a company fall it loses its liquidity. When the company witnesses sudden outflow of cash or some other events takes place avoid trading. A company is also vulnerable to liquidity risks when it is dependent on markets which experience the loss of liquidity (Verbeke, 2013). In international business, risks lurk at every corner and can threaten the viability of the products and the services. Every now and then there can be new traders in the marketplace, sudden trends in the commodity prices, economic and interest rates and also the currencies. The financial executives should incorporate the holistic risk management program or the one which allows them to manage risks in the broad front (Nenonen, Storbacka, 2010). Recommendations In order to solve the problems that the company faces the researcher is providing some way to overcome the barriers. The company will always be truthful in interacting within the organisation and with the suppliers, with the consumers while simultaneously the company's secret information and the secrets of trade. The company may face the performance gap through internal business strategy. If the major reasons regarding this matter in which the organization carries out its business operations in the international business strategy in Ansoff's matrix. This strategy provides the organization with the four options and involves an organization's goods and the market it maintains. Under the Ansoff's matrix, the organization could evolves a product development strategy, market penetration strategy and the market development strategy or a diversification strategy to close the gap. However, the strategies are about how the organization would able to close the gap, practise are concerning the actions they would undertake, the methods are specific actions with an appropriate aim, the aims are often incorporated over a short term. However, the Company tremendously faces the internal rivalries within the work environment. The Company should engage its employee in the decision-making process. So those, the employee are motivated by the organization in order to get best outcomes. Moreover, in order to reduce clashes between the employee and managers, the organization should create fruitful atmosphere. In order to reduce the risks, the company should hire foreign employees so that to create a better work culture and understand the communications between the Japanese and Australian work atmosphere and to mingle the both work culture. Conclusion It could be inferred that when a company strives to expand its business in the Australian market, it should first attempt to implement market entry strategy. Although the company based on the Japan, so that it could first analyze the economic growth of the Australia because the economic condition of Japan and Australia is different from the culture. However, it is important for the organization to implement the appropriate international business strategy in order to expand its business. By using multi domestic strategy, it enables efficiency in the attributing responsiveness to the requirements within the markets of it. However, by implementing the strategies of marketing, sourcing, investment and controls help the company to understand the foreign business markets and environments as well. The company would able to rectify its internal gap through the gap analysis process. This process helps the company to understand its issues regarding the market entry. In order to expand its busi ness the company should maintain the legal obligation according to the nature of the market. As it is based on the Japanese company so that it is quite difficult to understand the foreign economic growth. Therefore, the modern economic theories and events are provided for the company to better understand about the foreign economy. The liquidity and foreign exchange risks are the major risks when an organization is going to enter in the foreign markets with their products. References Casadesus-Masanell, R., Ricart, J. E. (2010). From strategy to business models and onto tactics. Long range planning, 43(2), 195-215. Cinquini, L., Tenucci, A. (2010). Strategic management accounting and business strategy: a loose coupling?. Journal of Accounting organizational change, 6(2), 228-259. Cullen, J. B., Parboteeah, K. P. (2009). International business: strategy and the multinational company. Routledge. Dagnino, G. B., Padula, G. (2009). Coopetition strategy. Coopetition strategy: Theory, experiments and cases, 25-43. De Wit, B., Meyer, R. (2010). Strategy: process, content, context; an international perspective. Cengage Learning EMEA. De Wit, B., Meyer, R. (2010). Strategy synthesis: Resolving strategy paradoxes to create competitive advantage: Text and readings. Cengage Learning EMEA. Gambardella, A., McGahan, A. M. (2010). Business-model innovation: General purpose technologies and their implications for industry structure.Long range planning, 43(2), 262-271. Gebauer, H., Edvardsson, B., Gustafsson, A., Witell, L. (2010). Match or mismatch: strategy-structure configurations in the service business of manufacturing companies. Journal of Service Research. Ghauri, P. N., Cateora, P. R. (2010). International marketing (pp. 15-16). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Harmon, P. (2010). The scope and evolution of business process management. In Handbook on Business Process Management 1 (pp. 37-81). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hill, C. W., Jain, A. K. (2000). International Business 10/e: Competing in the Global Marketplace. McGraw-Hill Education. Kojima, K. (2010). Direct Foreign Investment: A Japanese Model of Multi-National Business Operations. Routledge. Kolk, A., Van Tulder, R. (2010). International business, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development. International business review,19(2), 119-125. Levy, D. L., Newell, P. J. (2009). Business strategy and international environmental governance: Toward a neo-Gramscian synthesis. Global Environmental Politics, 2(4), 84-101. Lu, Y., Zhou, L., Bruton, G., Li, W. (2010). Capabilities as a mediator linking resources and the international performance of entrepreneurial firms in an emerging economy. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(3), 419-436. Matthyssens, P., Vandenbempt, K. (2010). Service addition as business market strategy: identification of transition trajectories. Journal of service management, 21(5), 693-714. Nenonen, S., Storbacka, K. (2010). Business model design: conceptualizing networked value co-creation. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 2(1), 43-59. Oltra, M. J., Luisa Flor, M. (2010). The moderating effect of business strategy on the relationship between operations strategy and firms' results. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 30(6), 612-638. Reimann, M., Schilke, O., Thomas, J. S. (2010). Customer relationship management and firm performance: the mediating role of business strategy. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(3), 326-346. Rossi, C. L. (2010). Compliance: an over-looked business strategy.International Journal of Social Economics, 37(10), 816-831. Rugman, A. M., Verbeke, A., Nguyen, P. C. Q. T. (2011). Fifty years of international business theory and beyond. Management International Review,51(6), 755-786. Sarala, R. M., Vaara, E. (2010). Cultural differences, convergence, and crossvergence as explanations of knowledge transfer in international acquisitions. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(8), 1365-1390. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation.Long range planning, 43(2), 172-194. Verbeke, A. (2013). International business strategy. Cambridge University Press.

Mrs. Sen Essay Example

Mrs. Sen Paper Sassouni English 10 H Mrs. Tunick 11 September 2011 When moving from one country to another, most people face difficulty in combining both cultures, and fail to adapt to their new country. In the book of short stories, Interpreter of Maladies, by Jhumpa Lahiri, the protagonists are often placed in an uncomfortable or unknown position. The reader is able to judge the characters based on how they act during their uncomfortable position. In the short story â€Å"Mrs. Sen†, Mrs. Sen is unable to find the right balance between her original Indian heritage and American culture, while the protagonist in â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† is successful in striking the best balance between the two cultures. In the short story, â€Å"Mrs. Sen†, Mrs. Sen only displays her Indian heritage through view of India as well as her material Indian possessions because she did not want to leave in the first place. Throughout the story, Mrs. Sen expresses her love for the fish in Calcutta, India. While the fish from her local grocer is indeed fresh and reserved for her, She constantly remarks that the fish is not as fresh in America. We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs. Sen specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs. Sen specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs. Sen specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For Sen, the fish isn’t just food, it’s a piece of India. She is showing that, in her mind, India will always be superior to America. She didn’t choose a new country as well as a new fish. Moreover, Mrs. Sen displays her culture through her traditional cutting blade and her saris. She constantly is using the blade because it reminds her of gatherings with fellow Indian women. She holds on to these gatherings because in America, she is a prisoner in her own home, lacking social relationships. At the same time, her saris are symbolic of her Indian customs and how she will never stop â€Å"wearing† them. Furthermore, the story ends with Sen attempting to drive to the market to purchase the fish, but she crashes the car in the process. Sen attempting to buy the fish is a symbol for her attempt to finally â€Å"buy† into American culture. By ending the story with a crash, Lahiri shows that for some immigrants, assimilation will not be possible. As a result, Sen will stay miserable and uncomfortable in America. While placed in an unfamiliar America, Mrs. Sen proves that a balance between her original heritage and her new culture is not possible for her because she lacks the opportunities to assimilate. In the short story, â€Å"The Third and Final Continent†, the protagonist shows that assimilation to America is possible by eventually achieving a perfect balance between Indian and American Cultures. For his flight to America, he purchased â€Å"The Student Guide to North America†, even though he was no longer a student. By reading the guide, the protagonist shows that he is willing to and plans to learn how to adapt to his new society. He later successfully makes adaptations due to his determination to assimilate to America. Although the protagonist proves to welcome American culture, he does not forget his roots in his Indian heritage. He proves his preservation of Indian customs through food: â€Å"In the end I bought a small carton of milk and a box of cornflakes. That was my first meal in America. I ate at my desk. I preferred it to hamburgers or hotdogs†¦ at the time I had yet to consume beef† (Lahiri 88%). Although the protagonist does not show that he is Hindi, he still feels that he should not eat beef, because it is part of his past culture. The protagonist keeps the customs of his past culture because a shared custom gives a sense of unity to other Indians for the protagonist. By the end of the story, the protagonist recognizes his balance between his two cultures: â€Å"We are American citizens now, so that we can collect social security when it is time. Though we visit Calcutta every few years, and bring back more drawstring pajamas and Darjeeling tea, we have decided to grow old today. I work in a small college library. We have a son that attends Harvard University. Mala now longer drapes her sari over her head†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lahiri 99%). The balance translates into a more complete life for the protagonist and his family. By deciding to grow old in America happily, Lahiri shows that assimilation was possible for the protagonist because he had the materials and opportunities to be successful in his assimilation. The protagonist is able to achieve a favorable balance of his original heritage and American culture by eventually assimilating to America, while still keeping some of his original Indian customs. In the short story, â€Å"Mrs. Sen†, Mrs. Sen fails to accept American culture by only expressing her Indian side while, the protagonist in â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† achieves a balance of both of his cultures. The assimilations translate into a miserable life for Sen, while the protagonist of â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† eventually obtains a complete life. For Sen, it was impossible for her to assimilate, partly because she originally had no intent on mixing cultures and partly because she is an Indian woman, who is not given the opportunities and sources to assimilate to America. The protagonist of â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† on the other hand, is able to prove that with the right opportunities, assimilation is possible and favorable. Making such a drastic culture change leaves immigrants in a difficult position to assimilate.

102 Causal Relationships Professor Ramos Blog

102 Causal Relationships The Evaluation Self-Evaluation The Evaluation Self-Evaluation Take ten minutes and fill out the evaluation sheet for your essay. Think objectively about your essay. Assign a number from 0-3 for each of the criteria and fill out the comment section. Be concise since you do not have a lot of room. You can give yourself a grade or leave it up to me. If I agree with your evaluation, you will earn extra credit points, a bump in your score. Causal Relationships As a class, we are going to clearly define the types of causal relationships: necessary sufficient precipitating proximate remote reciprocal causes contributing factors Causality: the relationship of cause and effect Once you understand these concepts, the charts you create to map cause and effect can become more complex. You should identify the types of causal relationships on your charts (you might use different types of arrows, different colors, or simply labels to show what kind of cause is being mapped). Necessary Cause: any factor that must be in place for something to occur. Sufficient Cause: is a condition that always produces the effect in question. Precipitating Cause: the proverbial straw that breaks a camel’s back. Proximate Cause: nearby and often easy to spot. Remote Cause: may act at some distance from an event but be closely tied to it. Reciprocal Cause: you have a reciprocal situation when a cause leads to an effect that, in turn, strengthens the cause. Contributing Factors: add to the causes to bring about the effect. Why is society so fascinated with serial killers? Ed Gein Documentary Quick Write Why did Ed Gein commit those murders? Charting Cause and Effect Let us chart the causes and effects of a monster. Tips Dont jump to conclusions Appreciate your limits. We dont know why so we have to follow the evidence from effect to cause. Offer sufficient evidence for claims

Global business managers should consider and deal with the knowledge Essay

Global business managers should consider and deal with the knowledge management challenges in a holistic manner taking into a - Essay Example â€Å"There are various ways used in gathering and dispensing of information and this is done in various departments† (Adas 2010, p. 30). They include human resource department, marketing department or information technology department. Data can be gathered from secondary and primary sources. There are many research secondary sources that provide information needed by a company. Trade magazines, newspapers articles, libraries, government agencies and the internet can be used as secondary sources. Primary sources involve collection of information through ways such as observation, networking, interviewing, focus groups or experimentation. Questionnaires are also used for collecting data. Observation is the simplest method. Networking is a more of an informal method to gather primary data from experts (Anderson 2006, p. 35). Business managers use knowledge for organization objectives like sharing intelligence, improving the performance of a company, for competition or innovation. Knowledge transfer is either through training, peer discussions and mentoring programs. For example, a company solves the problem of culture barrier by teaching different cultures of people to its employees. Learning different cultures of people help in understanding them well and hence avoid work conflicts (Anderson 2009, p. 56). Offering training to employees is important because it improves working efficiency. Dealing with Knowledge Management Challenges Global business managers should deal with the knowledge management challenges in a holistic manner in order to achieve their business goals. There are various knowledge management challenges that need to be solved in order to achieve goals. Information collected is sometimes not accurate and this affects decision making in a company. Global business managers should deal with this problem of data inaccuracy by validating the information presented to them. There is another problem of data misinterpretation (Allen 2011, p.98) Infor mation gathered should be interpreted the way it is. Data biasness results in making the wrong conclusion. Data collectors and researchers in a company should be very careful in recording the information given (Bartlett 2002, p. 34). They are not supposed to record mistakes or include information that is not provided by the respondent. Another transnational strategy of managing information is by having a good system of storing information. FedEx is a company known to have a good paperless system of storing data of its employees. They have programs called PRISM HIRS which records any information pertaining to a worker. This programs record jobs posting, applicants and training information (Birkinshaw 2001, p. 23). It is important to maintain this strategy because information can never be lost. Information stored in files is mostly misplaced. The information stored in this system can be accessed any time. Importance of International Knowledge Management International knowledge managem ent is important for global business managers because they will get and share knowledge concerning global markets. This is explained in the Theory & practice of knowledge management. There will be sharing of explicit knowledge from the international world. This is the transnational strategy used by global firms. This is important because the global environment is complex and need to be studied well. There are

BRAND MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

BRAND MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH - Essay Example We recommend Walmart to continue building its brand image not with just customer perspective but from employee and ethical perspectives as well. With its unique positioning it should continue to expand with market penetration and market expansion. Development and projection of its own brand Great Value will also help in increasing its brand value and trust of the customers and will help in maintain its positioning as low price provider by eliminating the margin of the manufacturers. Walmart is a strong brand and can even become stronger by following these strategies. 11 References 12 Introduction In this highly competitive globalized world, markets are flooded with plethora of products and services of various brands. Consumers are literally spoilt with choice. In such an environment the importance of brands has increased manifold both for the consumers and the organizations. Brand management is vital from many aspects for any organization but the most important role is providing the differentiation to the brand from competitors and other products. Brands are part of the company’s intellectual property. ... The company through its brand, make it clear what they promise and deliver to the customer based upon their vision and strategy for the future of the business and the product. It is very important for the company to have a clear understanding of the expectations of the customers and living up to those expectations. The aim of brand management is to build a healthy relationship between the customer and the company through their brand. Brand management is extremely important for the companies. Brand image can be the determining factor between success and failure of a company (Riezebos et al 2003) Today corporations spend millions on brand establishment and maintenance due to the increased importance of branding. Researchers have tried to identify the scope, domain and potential of branding. It has resulted in many different frame works, theories and concepts. Although there are mainly seven different approaches of branding but the brand strategy should be customized to meet the specifi c challenges and opportunities specific to a brand at a specific point of time. One approach of branding is economic approach where brand is part of the traditional marketing mix. The identity approach links brand with corporate identity. Consumer based approach gives prime importance to customer satisfaction and customer associations. Personality approach treats brand as a human like character. The relational approach treats brand as a viable relationship partner. The community approach treats brand as a vital point of social interaction, whereas brand is treated as part of the broader cultural picture in the cultural approach (Heding et al. 2009) Whatever approach the companies utilize for the establishment and maintenance of the

E-Recruiting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E-Recruiting - Research Paper Example E-recruitment is also referred to as online recruitment (Briscoe, 2012). The job applicants are expected to forward a CV together with the cover letter through online platforms. The job advertisers retrieve the CV and screen it (Schweyer, 2004). This procedure applies to multiple candidates seeking to fill the same position. This method differs with the traditional form of recruitment that used involve paper work, travelling and interviewing. Technology allows online interviews and selection processes. Studies show that over 55 percent of software developers and engineers recruited in the United States followed the online procedure. Majority of the engineers came from India and were interviewed through video conferencing and online testing (Hopkins & Markham, 2003). This has allowed companies to get the best skills from the global market. E-recruitment is not effective when there is a vital need for physical interactions with the clients or interviewees. The striking advantage of e-r ecruitment is the enhancement of access (Schweyer, 2004). The applicants can overcome geographical barriers when it comes to applying for a job. The process gives the applicants instant replies unlike the traditional systems (Hopkins & Markham, 2003). As more people gain access to technology, e-recruitment is growing at a fast rate. It has made the processing of employees data faster and efficient (Hopkins & Markham, 2003). Modern organizations use agencies that adversities vacancies at cost effective prices (Briscoe, 2012). A telling example is Nike which has gained tremendously from the installation of the software ‘active recruiter’. This helped reduced the time of refilling vacancies by almost a month. Resumes can be stored in large data bases and information is seldom lost. The process of mitigating unwanted results involves ensuring foolproof software is used in the e-recruitment process. Each applicant is treated as a potential employee (Briscoe, 2012). Therefore , the online platform used in the recruitment process is designed to ensure that job applicant reveals their potential and vision for the applied position. This entails having installation of effective and efficient data base software and the use of competent personnel (Hopkins & Markham, 2003). The software ensures that recruiter is part of the process and applicants have active and responsive profile pages on websites (Brewster, 2003). The online system for recruitment sends automated messages to the applicants after some duration (Juana-Espinosa, 2012). This ensures the system remains updated. Studies show that e-recruitment has saved over 50 percent of recruitment costs. Mitigating unintended results Organizations must ensure they use competent staff in carrying out the online procedures (Hopkins & Markham, 2003). The human resource information systems should be customized to meet the goals and expectation of the company (Brewster, 2003). HRIS should encourage a response and int eractive environment between the employees, management and job applicants. The information technology department should recommend the most efficient software through careful research and recommendations (Hopkins & Markham, 2003). Organizations through invest is secure systems to ensure that the hackers have to access to private information. An increasing number of organizations are becoming vulnerable to cyber attacks. It is recommended that organizations develop means of

Genetic Causes of Choroideremia (CHM)

Genetic Causes of Choroideremia (CHM) Choroideremia (CHM) is a rare genetic impairment of the CHM gene, located on the X sex chromosome, that affects vision, as the retina, a crucial part of the eye involved in sight, loses functionality. This condition affects 1 out of 50,000 to 100,000 and is 4% of all causes of blindness in humans (GHR, 2017). Choroideremia is a sex-linked recessive trait, which means that females who do not express the trait are called carriers because only one of their X-chromosomes has the recessive trait, which is masked by the dominant trait of not having the condition. For males, it only takes the mothers affected X-chromosome to become affected by CHM for life (GHR, 2017). With the assistance from adeno-associated virus gene therapy, conditions like Choroideremia can be treated and cured. The CHM gene on the X-chromosome is responsible for producing the Rab escort protein-1 (REP-1), however if the CHM gene is mutated or absent, the lack of REP-1 CHM is supposed to produce causes cell death in the retina, causing Choroideremia (Mura, 2007). Escort proteins are the cells traffic facilitator, regulating intracellular proteins, organelles, and matter. Rab proteins are characterized by their geranylgeranyl functional group, a fundamental structure involved in prenylation, which is important in binding proteins (Preising, 2005). REP-1 allows for other essential proteins to enter cells, allowing for cellular processes to occur. Choroideremia occurs when the CHM gene fails to produce the REP-1. If there happens to be a lack of REP-1, the body has a backup, REP-2, that can perform nearly all of the same processes as REP-1, except there is little to no REP-2 present in the retina, which is why Choroideremia exists. With the absence of REP-1, the cells lack the facilitator requi red for them to do their work, resulting with premature cell death, or dystrophy (NCBI, 2016). Choroideremia can be treated, and possibly cured, with the use of adeno-associated viruses (AAV) because of its ability to target locations on chromosomes. The adeno-associated virus was discovered in the 1960s as a contaminant of adenovirus (Weitzman and Linden, 2011), and was seen as a useless virus because it required the assistance of another virus in order to replicate (Gonà §alves, 2005). However, the adeno-associated virus is admired for its useful abilities. The adeno-associated virus is admired for its simple structure, consisting of single-stranded DNA with genomes that are controlled by hairpin shaped telomere structures (Cotmore and Tattersall, 2014). Another characteristic of the AAV is the precise targeting of Chromosome 19; in fact, the AAV is known as one of the only viruses with such capacity to specifically act upon on one chromosome nearly 96% of the time (Daya and Berns, 2008). A crucial aspect about the adeno-associated virus is that it lacks pathogenicity, whic h means it does not cause disease in its host nor does it cause cell death. It is the lack of pathogenicity that has allowed medical professionals to pursue new treatments for genetically caused diseases. Because AAVs can act on a specific location on a chromosome without killing the host cell, treating sex-linked traits has become a reality. A clinical study used stem cells from patients with CHM and experimented the virus abilities with an in vitro model using CHO cells, which transferred the hCHM, human CHM DNA, into mice eyeballs to view the precision of genetic transfer. The results revealed that the CHO cells had elevated levels of the REP-1 protein levels, indicating that the introduction of AAV was able to specifically target the X-chromosome and alter the CHM gene. For the hCHM, it responded well to the application of AAV, as REP-1 proteins increased with regular dosage of AAV and compared to control cells, there was a 50-fold amount of REP-1 protein levels with the treated hCHM cells, indicating that AAV is a very promising option for gene therapy (Vasireddy, 2013). A 2014 clinical trial decided to directly administer an AAV encoding REP-1 to six mature males with Choroidere mia (all with little ability to see), waiting for six months after the trial to evaluate the effects of raw AAV administration. The results reveal all of the test subjects gained eyesight from the treatment, as their lines of vision increased as well as increased levels of retinal sensitivity (MacLaren, 2014). With a single mutation in a genetic sequence, life-changing conditions, like Choroideremia, leave people impaired for the remainder of their lives. However, with the assistance of adeno-associated viruses, researchers are able to treat and cure such conditions permanently. Citations/References: Matthew D. Weitzman and R. Michael Linden (2011). Adeno-Associated Virus Biology. Retrieved December 30, 2016, from http://www.hixonparvo.info/Matt%20AAV%20book%20chaptor.pdf Manuel Gonà §alves (2005). Adeno-associated virus: from defective virus to effective vector. Retrieved December 30, 2016, from https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-2-43 Susan F. Cotmore and Peter Tattersall (2014). Parvoviruses: Small does not mean simple. Retrieved January 6, 2017, from http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-virology-031413-085444 Choroideremia Genetics Home Reference (GHR). (2017, January 10). Retrieved January 11, 2017, from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/choroideremia#genes CHM CHM, Rab escort protein 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] Gene NCBI. (2016, December 21). Retrieved January 11, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1121 Vasireddy V, Mills JA, Gaddameedi R, Basner-Tschakarjan E, Kohnke M, Black AD, et al. (2013) AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy for Choroideremia: Preclinical Studies in Personalized Models. PLoS ONE 8(5): e61396. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061396. Retrieved January 11, 2017, from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/authors?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0061396 Preising, M., and C. Ayuso. Rab Escort Protein 1 (REP1) in Intracellular Traffic: A Functional and Pathophysiological Overview. Retrieved Retrieved January 11, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15370541 Mura M, Sereda C, Jablonski MM, MacDonald IM, Iannaccone A. Clinical and functional findings in choroideremia due to complete deletion of the CHM gene. Retrieved Retrieved January 11, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17698759 MacLaren RE, Groppe M, Barnard AR, Cottriall CL, Tolmachova T, Seymour L, Clark KR, During MJ, Cremers FP, Black GC, Lotery AJ, Downes SM, Webster AR, Seabra MC. Retinal gene therapy in patients with choroideremia: initial findings from a phase 1/2 clinical trial.Retrieved January 11, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24439297

The Work of Langston Hughes Essay example -- Poetry Langston Hughes Au

The Work of Langston Hughes Langston Hughes is considered by many readers to be the most significant black poet of the twentieth century. He is described as  ³...the beloved author of poems steeped in the richness of African American culture, poems that exude Hughes ¹s affection for black Americans across all divisions of region, class, and gender. ² (Rampersad 3) His writing was both depressing and uplifting at times. His poetry, spanning five decades from 1926 to 1967, reflected the changing black experience in America, from the Harlem Renaissance to the turbulent sixties. At the beginning of his career, he was surrounded by the Harlem Renaissance. New York City in the 1920 ¹s was a place of immense growth and richness in African-American culture and art. For Hughes, this was the perfect opportunity to establish his poems. His early work reflects the happy times of the era. However, as time progressed he became increasingly bitter and upset over race relations. Except for a few examples, all his poems from this later period spoke about social injustice in America. The somber tone of his writing often reflected his mood. Race relations was the shadow of his career, following him from his first poem to his last. The tone and subject matter of Hughes ¹s poetry can be linked to certain points in history, and his life. The youth of Hughes is brought out by his poem  ³Harlem Night Club ², a piece which describes living in the moment. Often children do not consider the consequences of their actions; they act on instinct and desire. Hughes might have been 27 when he wrote this poem, but the feisty, upbeat tempo of a school boy is present in his style.  ³Harlem Night Club ² is unique in that it describes the integration of blacks and whites in an optimistic tone. The vigor and spirit of his youth is reflected in the energy of the writing,  ³Jazz-band, jazz-band, ­ / Play, plAY, PLAY! / Tomorrow....who knows? / Dance today! ² The repetition of the words, and the increasing emphasis on the word  ³play ² bring out the excitement to the reader. More evidence of Hughes ¹s youth comes from the very focus of the poem: the interracial couples. The entire poem can be summed up as  ³...a single-glance tableau of interracial flirtation against a background of heady jazz. ² (Emanuel 120) This festive relationship between the two sexes can rarely be seen in any of Hughes ¹s later poems. At th... ... civil rights movement had peaked, Hughes is left feeling worthless. The bitterness he faced during his lifetime built up to a dull apathy that appears in this piece. Despite the fact that Hughes is  ³...among the most eloquent American poets to have sung about the wounds caused by injustice ² (Rampersad 3), he thought his poems made no impact on society. On the contrary, Hughes ¹s poems had a tremendous influence on African-American society. Although scholars and critics throughout his career dismissed his poetry as too  ³simple and unlearned, ² his primary audience, the black masses, and even Hughes himself viewed his work as  ³folk poetry ² which was beneath criticism. (Rampersad 4-5) His poems, when studied as a collection over the span of his life, clearly show how the tone and emphasis in the writing reflect the mood of Hughes himself as he grew old. The universal theme of racism and race relations defined all the important work of Langston Hughes. Langston Hu ghes Danny Belinkie December 23, 1999 Period 2 Works Cited Emanuel, James. Langston Hughes. Twayne Publishers, Boston, 1967. Arnold Rampersad. The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes. Vintage Classics, New York, 1994.

Fireweed is written by Skye Brannon Essay

The short story â€Å"Fireweed† is written by Skye Brannon, it is a story about a young man named Baluta. He emigrated from West Africa to US, with his brother Jato and his sitster in law Sama. The story is about how an ordinary workday can trigger memories from the past. In the beginning his memories are filled with happiness, because it is about his family back in Liberia. But as the story evolves, his memories, which he desperately ties to forget presents them selves. The main character, Baluta immigrated to US about 1980-1990’s because of the civil war in Liberia. In the short story it is written thatâ€Å" The war will be coming our way soon. It was the first time Baluta saw fear behind his father’s strong eyes†. This may be the reason why Baluta left Africa and immigrated to US. Baluta and jota is not very articulate. And their problem with the English language is portrayed by the author substituting a normal English vocabulary and choose to write sentences frenetically, for instance â€Å" Dese Americans, Joto said, if you tell demy out Mandika name, dey look like you have given dem a riddle†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Though the characters may have some problems with the language, it is not said directly that they are stupid. Furthermore is seems that Baluta is a very thoughtful young man, who pays attention to the people around him. He is keen to make the people around him feel good in his company, and he finds it sad when he is incapable of making life easier for others. He feels very sad that he need to use the car, to get to work, because then his family have to get up early to cheat the buss to work. And another example is that he makes sure that the people he works with doesn’t have any problems pronouncing his name and therefore chooses to take the name Joel. He is very kind to other people, even though he had a very hard childhood in Liberia. He was an eyewitness to the murder of his family and unfortunately the memory of this still haunts him. His bad childhood, have made him in to a very sensitive person. Even though he has immigrated to US to get a better life, he stills live in a ghetto[1] which is seen in 8th sentence in the beginning of the text â€Å"Baluta washed in the shower, cold after his brother and sister-in-law had had theirs† this quotation shows how poor they are, because they don’t have enough hot water for three people to shower in the morning. But not only the problem with the hot water shows how poor they are, the car Baluta use to go to work every day is in such bad condition that Jota refers to it as the â€Å" Swiss Chevy† like the Swiss cheese. And the attempts of the duct-tape patchwork and the whistling sound the car makes at speed, clarifies the state of it. The short story follows a chronological storyline, with some flashbacks. It all starts with Baluta thinking of his little sister Alanso. His memory of her is loving and happy like her self when she was alive. Which is mentioned in the text â€Å" It was Alanso’s laugh, flowing like doves out of her bright smiling mouth. It was Alanso’s laugh, out from between those cheeks caught the sun and held it in a warm glow the rest of the day†. After having the first flashback, his day carries on as normal. On his way to work, he passes a lot of golf resorts and drives trough a big gate, this gate can symbolize a â€Å"gate back in time†, to his time in Liberia, because on the other side of the gate he gets a another flashback. The neighborhood he drives in reminds him of his father and the monkeys he used to train. Another flashback comes to him as he sees Tiffany’s diamond ring reflects the sunlight into his face. He can hear his father telling him â€Å" they found some diamonds in their mountain†. He returns to his work, just to be reminded of his past ones again. Just by hearing the word Fireweed, he is drawn back to the time where he lost his family or some of it. He relives it all, and are ones again forced to stand face to face with death and loss. There are many themes in this short story, but some of the main themes are loss, he looses his family or some of it, which he are trying to forget, the proverb, Wherever you go, your problems will follow you, even though you try to run or somehow try to get away from your problems they will follow you until you deal with them. This seems to underline theme here. Another theme is immigration. Some people flee from their homes, go get to some kind of safety. This short story is able to twists our reality, and puts in an immigrants’ shoes. This short story makes us think about life and death, and how easy it is to loss someone you love and are force to leave everything to get to safety.

Global Inequalities

Group A, Class 1 Introduction to Sociology Final Essay Which of the following perspectives offers the most convincing explanation for the existence of global inequalities: modernization theory, dependency theory or world-systems theory? 4 July 2012 Which of the following perspectives offers the most convincing explanation for the existence of global inequalities: modernization theory, dependency theory or world-systems theory?Globalization has had both a positive and negative impact throughout the world. An interconnectedness within the world where complicated issues can arise creating an unevenness that can contribute to a societies as well as the individuals happiness in life (El-Ojelli, 2006:p1). The negative impacts of globalization can be seen as inequalities spread throughout the world today.This essay will first explore global inequalities, next the three main perspectives of global inequality will be compared including, modernization theory, dependency theory, and world syste ms theory; following this comparison will be the argument that the dependence and world systems theory are very similar and that they are the two theories which best explain the existence of global inequalities. Global inequality can often be a topic that is overlooked in core countries such as the United States and Western Europe. However, global inequalities can be found in many peripheral countries like Africa as well some Latin American countries.Inequalities can be measured in various ways. These methods can include the GDP (gross domestic product) and GNP (gross national product) as well as HDI (human development index). GDP refers to the income earned by the value of goods and services produced by the people who live within the countries borders, GNP refers to the capital such as foreign earnings from any corporations, businesses or individuals outside of the country, where as HDI offers more in-depth measurements of inequalities such as life expectancy, education, standards of living as well as human satisfaction (Macionis and Plummer, 2012:p 286).Some inequalities in the world include areas like, income, wealth, poverty, literacy, crime, drugs, gender inequality as well as health related issues. Because of global inequalities between the rich and the poor, humans who are poor experience poverty, poor sanitation, and world hunger (Macionis and Plummer, 2012:p 306). Even though the world’s wealthiest countries are becoming wealthier, global inequalities are still growing. World hunger and poverty is a couple of the largest issues in the world, about twenty percent of the worlds population lives on one percent of the worlds income (Macionis and Plummer, 2012:p 285).The global economies development has increased which can be seen as a positive, however, the rise in the economy only goes to the rich creating larger barriers between the rich and the poor societies (Macionis and Plummer, 2012: p309). These inequalities can be found in many third world countries, where often a high population, low life expectancy and poor housing can be found. Among the global inequalities comes the capital from which is made in under developed countries and has divided the wealthy nations from the poor.A few models of development in global inequalities can be found, these include modernization theory, dependency theory, and the world systems theory. The first theory explained is the modernization theory. The modernization theory is much different than the last two perspectives on models of development. In this theory societies are brought together by modernization. There are four phases of modernization which show the different areas of growth, these phases are a traditional stage of society, a take off stage, a drive to technological maturity, and a stage which shows a high mass of consumption (Rostow,1990:p 4).Throughout these phases of modernization in societies where this theory has been introduced the development in the world is due to adva ncing industrial societies taking over societies that would have been living in a more traditional society (Macionis and Plummer, 2012:p 306). The first phase of modernization according to Rostow (1990:p 4), the traditional stage refers to a country that did not have much production because of little or no technology within the country.The second phase, the take off stage, is essentially the building of the economic structure and technological advances provided by a foreign power within the underdeveloped country, and third the drive to technological maturity is when these economic and technology building blocks advance about 40 years and there is now a mature economy of imports and exports, and last the fourth phase of mass consumption in which a modernized society in the twentieth reaches the maturity phase and the international economy reaps the benefits (Rostow, 1990:p 12).Over time some societies become more modern than others creating an unequal balance among other states glob ally. It is the thought that the modernization theory in some societies, are left behind because of advances in technology and within the economy also (Macionis and Plummer, 2012:p 306). Rostow (1990: p12) suggested that the modernization theory is created by an outside government or corporation to introduce new technologies and build industries to make money.As the four phases of modernization are explained above, it is simple to understand how these societies built upon modernization can create global inequalities and unequal balance within an underdeveloped society. However, the modernization theory is not only based on industrial and economic progress but also on political progress as well (Kamrava, 2000: p30). Governments from other states such as the USA or UK among others can become powerful when using cheap labor and production through these industries creating a higher economy for the western states opposed the under developed states.Some criticisms of modernization can be the loss of a country’s traditions, the culture, and religion practiced within the country (Kamrava, 2000: p31). Although the modernization theory is based on ideas of development in an under developed country, the dependency theory is a theory structured and very different than that of the modernization theory. The dependency theory is in which under developed countries such as Africa are being exploited by slavery and colonialism (Macionis and Plummer, 2012: p306).Most under developed countries do not grow out of this phase; instead they depend on the larger capitalist countries for support (Macionis and Plummer, 2012: p306). These under developed countries often do very poor after such exploitation creating high poverty in the world. In various poor countries such as Africa where the British and the French integrated through society, the idea of development was when the problems of global inequality was defined due to both the economic and social failures in Africa (Fergus on cited in India and Ronald, 2002: p146).Some colonized countries are often left under developed and lack in basic necessities to live a happy and satisfied life. The under development was caused by colonialism and the forthcoming international division of labor, offering low cost labor to create industries for western societies (Kamrava, 2000: p32). With various industries being built and the creation of jobs for those who lived in exploited countries, workers in these countries would still not reach expectations of higher standards of living and still do live on very little money in this very day and age.With the building of industries, western society has reached their development goal, causing the under developed to depend on western societies more so, all the while the western states earn capital and the rest of the third world countries remain under developed (Kamrava, 2000: p32). Under developed countries were mostly at one point colonized; therefore the countries were built by developed nations who have greatly mislead the developing countries. The developing countries have had the misfortune to then be led to work and serve the developed nations by producing goods and a lower price, thus, creating global inequality.The international market was the leading force in the dependency theory, there the developing countries worked to meet the needs of the international economy instead of meeting their own needs (Kamrava, 2000: p 32). Developing countries were depending greatly on the developed countries themselves. The developed countries helped the developing countries financially in order for the developing countries to keep production flowing. Developing countries were given loans to aid the promotion of industrialization in order to keep continuing flows of exports (Kamrava, 2000: p33).With the aid of the developed countries, the developing countries would keep not only exports flowing but capital flowing as well. According to dependency theorists, capi talism was the key reason to keep exports flowing from third world countries to the west (Kamrava, 2000: p33). Capitalism, the financial profit of purchasing or the trade of goods is also a key feature in the world systems theory. World systems theory or also known as world system analysis is based on an approach to earned capital in a world system rather than through individual nation states, by leaning on this theory the developed countries remain the super power.The world system theory is based on the world’s economy within its relationship to core and periphery countries, creating inequality throughout different parts of the world (Macionis and Plummer, 2012: p 306). Core and periphery as well as semi periphery countries fall into what is called an economic zone, some core countries include the United States, and United Kingdom as well as Western Europe, Periphery would be countries in Africa and also a few in Latin America, while semi periphery would fall under countries such as Mexico or Brazil.Within the world system theory the semi peripheral countries remain neutral, they are neither a rich developed country nor are they under developed and the core countries are categorized as the developed countries, while the periphery are the under developed leading to the economic power that places developed and under developed countries in an unequal world (Macionis and Plummer, 2012: p 306). The world systems theory is without doubt a capitalist economy in which the developed countries dominate.Core countries remain strong within their borders and internationally, whereas the peripheral countries have weak economies because they depend on the core countries for international trade (Randall and Theobald, 1998: p145). The core and periphery countries both have their own areas of expertise when it comes to who does what in these industries. The world system theory is focused more on advanced core economics drawing attention on manufacturing and banking, whi le the periphery areas are focused on the production of goods (Randall and Theobald, 1998: p145). These areas of focus are also directed to everyday human interaction.With the food, music, and clothes people buy on a daily basis, these areas are connected to a world system. Clothing for instance can be connected to the world system, for example, when buying clothes in the UK which are beforehand manufactured in areas such as Africa or Mexico among other countries in the world (Kardulias, 1999: p300). Out of the above three theories, not only does dependency and world system theory result in the best explanation of global inequalities but they are built off each other and become like one, therefore these two theories are very much alike and similar in certain details.The dependency theory and world systems theory are similar, they both have a core and periphery area, however, the world systems theory looks at one more area, the semi periphery which is a more neutral zone working with both the core and periphery countries (Randall and Theobald, 1998: p 144). Besides the difference of economic zones in these two theories, the dependency and world systems theory are always in favor of the dominant developed countries, which are interested in economic and political power. The core ideas in both theories are very much related and together both theories can be the reason for global inequalities.An article in The Economist describes how global capitalists believe that the gap is widening between the rich and the poor, the reason for global inequality could be due to an unjust trading system (The econo mist, 2004). Within the three theories on global inequality, the modernization theory, dependency theory, and world systems theory, the modernization theory could be held accountable for global inequality with its ideas of advancement in technology and industries. However, The dependency and world systems theory are in my opinion the sources of global inequality.While th e modernization theory looks into advancement in technology and development of under developed countries, the dependency and world systems theories focus on how to gain economic and political power, which gains higher dominance in the core countries. The peripheral countries will continue to depend upon the dominant core countries until a new and justified trading system is implemented. Word Count: 2021 References Inda, J. and Rosaldo, R. (2006). The anthropology of globalization. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing ltd. Kardulias, N. (1999).World-Systems Theory in Practice. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, inc. Macionis, J. and Plummer, K. (2012). Sociology, a global introduction, 5th Edition. England: Pearson Education Limited. Randall, V. and Theobald, R. (1998). Political Change and Underdevelopment, 2nd Edition. London: Macmillan Press LTD. Rostow, W. (1990). The stages of economic growth, 3rd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The Economist. (2004). Poverty and inequality: a question of justice?. Retrieved July 3rd 2012 at, http://www. economist. com/node/2499118

What Kind Of Music Should Be Taught essays

What Kind Of Music Should Be Taught essays What Kind of Music Should Be Taught? In the 1995 film Mr. Hollands Opus, the character, Mr. Holland, was a high school music teacher. He was starting to teach a music program that was in lack of a better word a disaster. One of the problems he faced in the movie was students had no interest in the history of music. When he said the word Beethoven or Bach the students immediately lost interest in the subject. Catching an idea on how to get the students excited he began to play a rock n roll tune on the piano. The kids sat up really quick, all broke smiles, and opened their minds. They soon found out that what they were listening was not an original composition of a rock band, but an arrangement of a piece that was written centuries ago. This was only a movie. However this situation will arise throughout your teaching career at one point or another, and we must face it and use our knowledge to teach the students. For the most part, the only type of music that our students will know before taking a music class i s new age music. Some may have never heard an orchestra or be able to name you an orchestral work. New age music should be included in every classroom as a basis of teaching music. I have heard many musicians tell their students that rap is not music and that Rock N Roll is not music. How can it not be music? Well the truth is. The musician who clamed it was not music, is just stubborn and stuck on their way of life, and most likely chooses to decline its musical validity. I am going to look at a few major types of new age music, and explain why each should be included in the teaching of music. These styles are: Rap, Rock N Roll, Country and Musical Theatre. I did not include jazz because many music educators already teach it. To many musicians including myself it is hard to understand rap as being a type of music. However it is one of the most basic forms of music. A ...

Dating Violence among Teenagers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dating Violence among Teenagers - Term Paper Example I have chosen two empirical studies to help me understand this phenomenon and try to bring about changes that would beneficial to them. In a study conducted by (Champion H. 2008) on different risk and protective factors involving individual behavior related to dating violence and victimization among teenagers, many interesting facts were highlighted. To analyze the facts on the important issue of dating violence among teenagers, surveys were conducted for 2000 students belonging to the North Carolina High School. On examining the level of violence on the dating issue from a gender point of view, it was found that females were more at risk than the males. Results showed that when comparing the females to males, females experienced a higher level of perpetration (8.8%) than the males who had only 4.0% risk. (Champion H. 2008) Findings on the issue of victimization showed that while females were at a higher risk with 7.2%, male victimization was only 5.0%. (Champion H. 2008) The results from the study proved that there is a higher incidence of female perpetration and victimization and they were more at risk when compar ed to males. Some of the common causes observed in the study were drunken driving, tobacco and alcohol abuse, drug abuse. When comparing the different multivariate models associated with violence in dating, men were less likely to be victimized than women. However, there could be few exceptions. The findings also showed that the role of community should be enhanced to counter this problem by conducting various activities within the community and making the youth more responsible in the way they approach life. In a study conducted by (Miller S. 2009) the method used to gauge dating violence among teenagers was directed towards interviewing parents and peers for predictors of violence and perpetration during physical dating. The participants chosen

Bus law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bus law - Case Study Example The Verbal Negotiations Winston Graham, a partner of antic dealers, went to Daly Car Sales Ltd., a commercial vehicle dealer, to purchase a van after one of their three delivery vans was â€Å"written-off† in an an accident. Graham conveyed that he was in search for a replacement vehicle that can load up to 1 ton and a cubic capacity of 200 feet. He also explained that the vehicle will be maximized for regular delivery of furniture, their business, and that the average journey would involve normally four or fine large items of furniture. Immediately, Alan Daly retorted that there was an available van that will befit Graham needs. He was referring to a White Transit XL which he warrants as a van with capacity to run at a distance of 48,000 miles on the clock and the storage capacity suitable enough for delivery of furniture. ... The asking price was L4,800 (plus VAT) but Winston counter-offered a price of L 4,500 (plus VAT). Mr. Daly finally accepted Winston’s offer and they proceeded in signing the contract of sale, the latter was a standard form contract, the nature of which implied â€Å"take it or leave it† concept. Daly wrote â€Å"White, Transit XL, 48,072 miles† as details of the object of the contract. A week after the delivery of van, the firm’s driver reported a serious oil leak and a technical problem with its clutch. These problems were conveyed to Mr. Daly via telephone who assured Graham that his company would look into the problem if it will be returned to them before the end of the week. Graham failed to follow Daly’s advice following series of delivery schedules. Said van collected five antique desks and other heavy items which reached approximately the weight of 1 ton, just when its brake failed to stop the vehicle at a junction. Luckily, they were able to escape possible accident. But such experience made the driver decide not ever to use the new van for deliveries and collection to evade possible circumstance that an accident could happen anytime van’s defective engine and brake. The firm however used the van for â€Å"light duties† until it finally came to a halt. After thorough mechanical inspection, it was reported that the van necessitate complete replacement of engine and of clutch. Report also bared that the damage is attributable to constant loss of oil. The van’s total repair will cost more than L 1,000. While at this state, Graham discovered that the vehicle has only a cubic capacity of 150 feet and a load of half a ton. The Exclusion Clause The contract of the sale of van had an exclusion clause under Clause